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Screening for Depression Can Improve Parkinson’s Care

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A new study shows that a quick depression questionnaire can improve depression screening among people with Parkinson’s and lead more people to get help for these symptoms.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically associated with hallmark movement signs like tremors and stiffness. However, non-movement symptoms like depression often go underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Up to half of all people with Parkinson's experience depression at some point, which can significantly impact their quality of life. Importantly, a large percentage of people with PD never receive treatments or psychotherapy. Which is why improving the screening and treatment of depression in the PD population is an unmet need.

A new study showed that introducing a five-minute questionnaire — the 15-question Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) — to movement disorder clinics can improve the rate of depression screening and follow-up care for people with Parkinson’s.

About the Study & Results

The study, Improving Parkinson's Disease Care through Systematic Screening for Depression, was published in July 2024 in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Movement Disorders. It included five movement disorder clinics in the U.S. and Canada. The clinics used the GDS-15 scale because research has shown it to be effective at detecting depression among people with Parkinson’s and can be self-administered in less than five minutes.

The study utilized data from the Parkinson’s Foundation Parkinson’s Outcomes Project, the largest-ever clinical study of Parkinson’s with more than 13,000 participants in five countries. Before the study, clinics reported that only 12% of people with PD received a formal depression screening, whereas 64% were screened informally and 24% did not receive screening.

During the study, 1,406 people were seen for follow-up care at the movement disorder clinics, and 59% of those people received the GDS-15 screening, while 29% were screened informally — resulting in a five-fold increase in formal depression screening.

Among those who were screened for depression, 45% were positive for depression, showing depression is a common symptom for people with PD. About half of those people were already being treated for depression, but about 12% started new treatment.

When the study began, average GDS-15 scores were 8.8 — just 12 months later, average scores decreased to 7.0 (a GDS-15 score of 5 or above indicates depression). While the cause of the improved GDS-15 scores remains unclear, study authors raise the possibility that the formal depression screening process and follow-up discussions with a doctor may have a positive impact on depression symptoms.

Some centers experienced challenges in implementing the formal depression screening process. The most common reasons include patients having insufficient internet access to fill out the form at home or not enough time for the staff to help fill out the form in-office.

In follow-up interviews with clinicians, nearly all (94.4%) agreed the GDS-15 questionnaire was a useful tool for identifying depression. Moreover, 64.7% reported that the program led to changes in clinical management for at least 25% of patients, suggesting it improved patient care.

Highlights

Doctor explaining reports to patient
  • Introducing a formal depression screening questionnaire — the 15-question Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) — led to a five-fold increase in depression screening among five movement disorder clinics.
  • Among those who were screened with GDS-15, 45% screened positive for depression. While half of those people were already being treated for depression, 12% started new treatment.
  • A GDS-15 score of 5 or above indicates depression. When the study began, average GDS-15 scores were 8.8. Twelve months later, average scores decreased to 7.0.

What does this mean?

Formal screening for depression is one way to improve health care for those with Parkinson’s. The GDS-15 is one way to detect depression among those with Parkinson’s, however, it is not the only way to screen for depression.

What do these findings mean to the people with PD right now?

People with Parkinson’s are at higher risk for depression. However, not every PD doctor or clinic offers depression screenings or asks about mental health. If you experience any signs of depression or sadness, it is important to talk to your doctor.

Just as the symptoms and causes of depression can differ from person to person, so too can suitable treatment approaches. Exercise is a vital component of alleviating depression in PD. Primary treatments also include antidepressant medications and psychological counseling (psychotherapy).

Learn More

The Parkinson’s Foundation believes in empowering the Parkinson’s community through education. Learn more about PD and mental health through our below resources, or by calling our free Helpline at 1-800-4PD-INFO (1-800-473-4636) for answers to your Parkinson’s questions.

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